Method for producing diuresis in a mammal by use of thiazolidinone acetic acid derivatives

ABSTRACT

The present invention relates to novel thiazolidinone acetic acid derivatives and their preparation. These derivatives show diuretic properties when used as pharmaceuticals.

This is a division, of application Serial No. 553,715 filed 27 February1975.

The new thiazolidinone-acetic acid derivatives according to the presentinvention are compounds of the general formula: ##STR1## wherein R₁ is alower alkyl radical; and the pharmacologically compatible salts thereof.

U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,182,063 and 3,072,653, as well as Liebigs Annalen derChemie, 665, 150-165/1963, describe certain substituted2-methylene-thiazolidin-4-ones which have an analgesic, sedative andantiinflammatory action. Some halogen-substituted compounds of this typeare also known to possess a certain gall stimulating and diureticaction. These previously known biologically active compounds differ fromthe novel compounds by the absence of a free carboxyl group.

It is known that 3-methyl analogues of compounds unsubstituted in the5-position and having a free carboxyl group can be prepared by thegentle saponification of the corresponding ethyl ester. Attempts toprepare, in this manner, compounds of general formula I which possess abasic substituent in the 5-position proved to be unsuccessful and, inevery case, resulted in an isomerization or a destruction of the ringsystem. This was expected since these compounds simultaneously have thestructure of cyclic enamine carbonyl compounds, of ketene-S,N-acetals,and of thioaminals. The reactivity and sensitivity of such groupings toalkaline and acidic influences is generally known from the literature(see Liebigs Ann. d. Chemie, 725, 66-68/1969).

We have now found that acid-catalysed alkyl-oxygen splitting is possiblewhen an ester of the general formula: ##STR2## wherein R₁ has the samemeaning as above and R₂ is an alkyl radical with 2-6 carbon atoms, istreated at a low temperature with an approximately 40% to 50% solutionof hydrogen bromide in acetic acid and the free amine acid (I), afterremoval of the acid mixture, is isolated. The range of the solutionbeing limited mainly by the solubility of HBr in the acid. Althoughacetic acid is preferred, lower alkyl acids of 1 to 5 carbons, such aspropionic or butyric acids, may also be used.

Under these conditions, the alkyl radical R₂ is gently split off as analkene. In spite of the high acid concentration, neither isomerisationnor the expected decarboxylation of the free acid formed takes place.

The radicals R₁ are straight-chained or branched alkyl radicals with upto 4 carbon atoms, and include methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl,n-butyl, isobutyl and tert.-butyl radicals.

As pharmacologically compatible salts, there are the alkali metal salts,especially the potassium salts, as well as the alkaline earth metalsalts. These can be prepared by reacting the free amino acids (I) withappropriate metal hydroxides or carbonates.

The alkyl-oxygen splitting, according to the present invention iscarried out in such a manner that the compounds of general formula (II)are introduced, at a temperature of -5° C. to +5° C., into a 40%solution of hydrogen bromide in glacial acetic acid, and the splittingoff of the alkyl radical is initiated by slowly warming the reactionmixture to ambient temperature, i.e. to about 15°-25° C. Aftercompletion of the reaction, which takes about 1 to 70 hours, the acidmixture is removed in a vacuum and the residue digested with water. Thefree amino acids (I) can then be precipitated out at pH 6 and isolated.

If the free acids are subsequently to be converted to their potassiumsalts, then the compounds (I) can be introduced into an equimolar amountof aqueous potassium bicarbonate or potassium carbonate solution, whichcontains 1-15% of a lower alcohol, at a temperature of about 40°-60° C.and the salt isolated by drying, preferably freeze drying.

Compounds of general formula (II) used as starting materials are knownor can be prepared in a manner analogous to that used for thepreparation of the known compounds, by reacting the compounds describedin U.S. Pat. No. 3,072,653 with piperidine.

The compounds of general formula I possess valuable pharmacologicalactivities, especially a diuretic activity, and are characterized by aninteresting spectrum of activity not previously known for diureticcompounds. Furthermore, the outstanding water solubility of the alkalimetal salts at a physiologically optimum pH value permits a wide fieldof use, expecially in the therapy of acute lung and brain edema and inthe treatment of acute kidney failure; it is also possible to increasethe flow of blood through the kidneys by 30-50%, without reducing thefiltration rate, whereas previously known diuretics do not substantiallyinfluence the flow of blood through the kidneys. Furthermore, the knowndiuretics in condradistinction to the compounds of the presentinvention, reduce the filtration rate.

As animal experiments on dogs have shown, the compounds according to thepresent invention in contradistinction to the commercially availablediuretics, in the case of experimentally equally adjusted diuresis, theexcretion of potassium is scarcely influenced. Furthermore, the newcompounds (I) have a remarkably low toxicity and, besides their diureticaction, also exhibit an outstanding antihypertensive effect. Inaddition, a regulatory effect on the body temperature has been observed.

The new compounds of general formula I according to the presentinvention, as well as their pharmacologically compatible salts, can beadministered enterally or parenterally, which the ester cannot, inadmixture with liquid or conventional solid pharmaceutical diluents orcarriers. As injection medium, it is particularly preferred to use waterwhich contains the conventional additives for injection solutions, forexample, stabilizing agents, solubilizing agents and/or buffers.Compositions suitable for oral administration can, if desired, containflavoring and/or sweetening agents.

The dosage depends upon the nature and severity of the disease to betreated. The individual oral dose lies between 10 and 500 mg. and thesubcutaneously or intravenously administered individual dose can bebetween about 5 to 200 mg.

The following Examples are given for the purpose of illustrating thepresent invention:

EXAMPLE 1 (Z)-3-Methyl-4-oxo-5N-piperidino-thiazolidin-2-ylidene-aceticacid Variant A:

55 g. butyl 3-methyl-4-oxo-5N-piperidino-thiazolidin-2-ylideneacetate isintroduced, at -3° to 0° C., into 100 cc. of a 40% solution of hydrogenbromide in acetic acid. The reaction mixture is slowly warmed to 20° C.and then left at this temperature for 1.5 hours. Subsequently, thegreater part of the hydrogen bromide-acetic acid phase is removed underwaterpump vacuum at a bath temperature of 25°-40° C. The residue isdigested with 0.5 liter water, and the pH adjusted to 6.0 with sodiumbicarbonate. Foaming can be inhibited by the addition of ether. Thesolid product is filtered off with suction and dried in a vacuum overanhydrous calcium chloride. Any remaining starting material can easilybe separated by dissolving in cold 2N aqueous sodium carbonate solution,filtering and acidifying the filtrate with dilute acetic acid. There isobtained 25 g. (56% of theory)(Z)-3-methyl-4-oxo-5N-piperidino-thiazolidin-2-ylidene-acetic acid whichmelts, with decomposition, at 163.9° C., after recrystallization frommethanol or ethanol.

Analysis: C₁₁ H₁₆ N₂ O₃ S (M.W. 256.32); calc.: C 51.54%; H 6.29%;N10.93% S 12.51%; found: 51.67%; 6.12%; 10.77% 12.34%.

The butyl 3-methyl-4-oxo-5N-piperidino-thiazolidin-2-ylidene-acetateused as starting material is prepared as follows:

141 g. ethyl tert.-butyl-cyanoacetate (b.p. 60° C./1.5 mm.Hg.; n²⁰1.4180) and 120 cc. ethyl thioglycolate are dissolved in 1 literbenzene, mixed with 140 cc. triethylamine and stirred for 72 hours atambient temperature. The bulk of the solvent is then distilled off in avacuum and the solid residue is separated and washed with a littlebenzene on a suction filter. There is obtained, after air drying, 134 g.(79% of theory) tert.-butyl 4-oxo-thiazolidin-2-ylidene-acetate which,after recrystallization from isopropanol, melts at 177.4° C.

63.5 g. tert.-butyl 4-oxo-thiazolidin-2-ylidene-acetate and 41.4 g.potassium carbonate are suspended in 250 cc. methanol. The reactionmixture is heated to reflux temperature and mixed dropwise with asolution of 37.8 g. dimethyl sulphate in 50 cc. methanol, After an hour,the reaction is finished. The solvent is removed in a vacuum and theresidue introduced into 0.5 liter water. The crude tert.-butyl3-methyl-4-oxo-thiazolidin-2-ylidene-acetate is taken up in ether andthe ethereal phase is then dried and evaporated. The residue isrecrystallized from cyclohexane. There is obtained 56 g. (82% of theory)tert.-butyl (3-methyl-4-oxo-thiazolidin-2-ylidene)-acetate, which meltsat 77.4° C.

36.8 g. tert.-butyl 3-methyl-4-oxo-thiazolidin-2-ylidene-acetate isdissolved in 700 cc. anhydrous carbon tetrachloride. Under refluxconditions, there is first introduced 0.3 g. azo-bis-isobutyric acidnitrile and then, within a period of 10 minutes, 29 g.N-bromosuccinimide. After boiling under reflux for 20 minutes, thereaction mixture is filtered and the filtrate is evaporated to drynessin a vacuum. The oily residue is taken up in 0.5 liter benzene, cooledto +5° C. and mixed in several portions with 32 cc. piperidine. Afterstanding for several hours at ambient temperature, the piperidinehydrobromide formed is separated off and the filtrate evaporated in avacuum. After the addition of 50 cc. isopropanol, the mixture is cooledto 0° C. The precipitated tert.-butyl3-methyl-4-oxo-5N-piperidino-thiazolidin-2-ylidene-acetate isrecrystallized from isopropanol. The yield is 21.5 g. (38% of theoryover 2 stages) and the product melts at 154° C.

Analysis: C₁₅ H₂₄ N₂ O₃ S (M.W. 312.41); calc. : C 57.66%; H 7.74%; N8.97%; S 10.26%; found: 57.56%; 7.80%; 9.15%; 10.33%.

VARIANT B

100 g. ethyl 3-methyl-4-oxo-5N-piperidino-thiazolidin-2-ylidene-acetateis introduced, while stirring at 0° C., into 200 cc. of a 40% solutionof hydrogen bromide in acetic acid. The vessel containing the reactionmixture is closed with a Bunsen valve (in order to avoid an overpressureof ethylene) and the reaction mixture stirred with a magnetic stirrerfor 65 hours at ambient temperature. The reaction mixture is then workedup in the manner described in Variant A. There is obtained 47.0 g. (53%of theory) (Z)-3-methyl-4-oxo-5H-piperidino-thiazolidin-2-ylidene-aceticacid which melts, with decomposition, at 163.9° C.

EXAMPLE 2 Potassium(Z)-3-methyl-4-oxo-5N-piperidino-thiazolidin-2-ylidene-acetate

5.1 g. (0.02 mol)(Z)-3-methyl-4-oxo-5N-piperidino-thiazolidin-2-ylidene-acetic acid ispasted with 10% ethanol and digested with 50 ml. of a 4% aqueoussolution of potassium bicarbonate. The mixture is briefly heated on awater-bath to 50° C. until gas evolution is complete and completesolution is obtained. The mixture is then cooled to 15°-20° C. and waterremoved in a rotary evaporator at 0.05 mm.Hg. pressure under freezedrying conditions. The residue is recrystallized from isopropanol. Thereis obtained 3.5 g. (59.3% of theory) of potassium(Z)-3-methyl-4-oxo-4N-piperidino-thiazolidin-2-ylidene-acetate in theform of colorless crystals which decompose at 150° C.

EXAMPLE 3 (Z)-3-Ethyl-4-oxo-5-N-piperidino-thiazolidin-2-ylidene-aceticacid

50 g. ethyl (Z)-3-ethyl-4-oxo-5N-piperidino-thiazolidin-2-ylideneacetateis reacted and worked up in a manner analogous to that described inExample 1. There is obtained 12.5 g. (28% of theory)(Z)-3-ethyl-4-oxo-5N-piperidino-thiazolidin-3-ylidene-acetic acid which,after recrystallization from methanol, melts at 148° C. (Melting takesplace with decarboxylation and is somewhat dependent upon the rate ofheating up).

Analysis: C₁₂ H₁₈ N₂ O₃ S (M.W. 270.35); calc. : C 53.31%; H 6.71%; N10.36%; S 11.86%; found: 53.41%; 6.59%; 10.19%; 11.72%.

The following compounds are prepared in an analogous manner:

3-propyl-4-oxo-5N-piperidino-thiazolidin-2-ylidene-acetic acid;

3-n-butyl-4-oxo-5N-piperidino-thiazolidin-2-ylidene-acetic acid;

3-isobutyl-4-oxo-5N-piperidino-thiazolidin-2-ylidene acetic acid.

EXAMPLE 4

20 g of ethyl 3-methyl-4-oxo-5N-piperidino-thiazolidone-2-ylideneacetateis introduced, while stirring at 0°-5° C. into 50 cc. of a 40% solutionof hydrogen bromide in propionic acid. The solution is processed asdescribed under Example 1, Variant B; reaction time 72 hours. Yield 7.0g (39% of theory). M.p. (decomp.) 163° C.

EXAMPLE 5

20 g. of ethyl3-methyl-4-oxo-5N-piperidino-thiazolidone-2-ylideneacetate isintroduced, while stirring at 0° - 5° C. into 50 cc. of a 40% solutionof hydrogen bromide in butyric acid. The solution is processed asdescribed under Example 1, Variant B; reaction time 70 hours. Yield 6.9g (39% of theory). M.p. (decomp.) 163°-4° C.

Compounds of the present invention exhibit marked pharmaceuticaladvantages when compared to the knownethyl-3-methyl-4-oxo-5-piperidino-Δ²,.sup.α -thiazolidineacetate of U.S.Pat. No. 3,072,653.

Compounds of the present invention are available for injection and cantherefore be used in medical emergencies such as acute lung and brainedema. Compounds of the present invention are more potent than thethiazolidineacetate after intragastric and intravenous administration.Compounds of the present invention have little effect on potassiumexcretion, even less than with the commercially available Furosemidewhich is known to have little effect on potassium excretion.

The following examples illustrate the improved activities of the presentcompounds when compared to previously known compounds. Etozolin refersto ethyl-3-methyl-4-oxo-5-piperidino-Δ²,.sup.α -thiazlidineacetate; 3282refers to 3-methyl-4-oxo-5N-piperidino-thiazolidine-acetic acid.

EXAMPLE 6 DIURESIS

1. Experiments by intragastric administration

Method:

Experiments were carried out in 5 unanesthetized adult female Beagledogs, weighing 15 to 22 kg, which were trained to lie on a table withoutfixation. The animals were not episiotomized. A rubber catheter wasintroduced into the bladder and excreted urine was collected separatelyfor each animal and the volume measured in 30 minute intervals. After aconstant urine flow was achieved, test substances were administered bystomach tube. The diuretics were diluted with saline solution so that aconstant volume of 25 ml/kg was reached. Three animals received the testsubstances and two served as controls. The lowest dose of the diureticsadministered was 1.56 mg/kg. Dosages were increased by a factor of 2 upto 50 mg/kg. Results

                  Table 1                                                         ______________________________________                                        Comparison of the maximal achievable                                          effects of Etozolin and 3282 on                                               the diuresis of conscious dogs after                                          intragastric administration.                                                  ______________________________________                                                     Dose                                                             Substance    mg/kg       ml/animal/min                                        ______________________________________                                        Etozolin     25.0        7.8                                                  3282         25.0        10.9                                                 ______________________________________                                    

As can be seen from table 1 the maximal diuretic effect of Etozolin isalready reached with 7.8 ml/animal per minute after 25.0 mg/kg. Anincrease of the dose does not result in a further increase of urineexcretion.

In the case of 3282 following the administration of 25.0 mg/kg a maximalachievable effect of 10.9 ml/animal per minute is observed.

2. Experiments by intravenous administration

Method:

Experiments were performed in male and female mongrel dogs, anesthetizedwith pentobarbital. The body weight was between 9 and 11 kg. Afterlaparotomy the proximal part of the ureters was canulated and the urineexcreted by each kidney collected in periods of 10 minutes. Arterial andvenous pressure were recorded throughout the experiment. At thebeginning 1.5 ml/kg of a tempered saline solution were infused for oneand half hour. After constant urine-flow was reached, the diuretics wereinjected into the femoral vein. The initial dose was 2.0 mg/kg which wasincreased with the factor 2 up to 64.0 mg/kg. Two animals were used foreach dose level.

The results obtained show that there is a straight dose dependent effectafter administration of 3282 (r = 0.8799). Following 32.0 mg/kg theurinary excretion is increased to 16 ml/minute per animal. The dosedependency is less significant in the case of Etozolin (r = 0.5583),this substance being far less active: following administration of 32.0mg/kg urinary flow is only increased to 2.25 ml/minute per animal.

EXAMPLE 7 Influence on potassium excretion

Method:

A total of 19 clearance experiments in 8 female and 1 male dogs,weighing from 17 to 25 kg, were done. Animals were anesthetized by 30.0mg/kg pentobarbital intravenously.

At the beginning of the experiment one saline solution was infusedwithin one hour. In the urine which was collected by using a bladdercatheter besides other parameters potassium and sodium concentrationswere determined by flame photometry.

The results obtained show that with higher amounts of sodium excreted,potassium excretion is by far more increased with Furosemide than with3282.

EXAMPLE 8 Acute Toxicity

The acute toxicity of 3282 is very favorable.

In experiments in rats in which 3282 was injected into the tail vein, nodeaths were seen up to dosages of 1,000 mg/kg (higher dosages were notused). Thus the intravenous toxicity of 3282 is by far more favorablethan that of Etozolin. The LD₅₀ of Etozolin in rats is 56.6 mg/kg i.v.(confidence limits: 45.9 - 69.5 mg/kg).

In experiments in mice in which 3282 was administered intragastricallyas aqueous solution, none of the animals died up to dosages of 2,250mg/kg within 48 hours.

Having thus described our invention in such clear, concise, and exactterms to allow one skilled in the art to make and use the same, weclaim:
 1. A method for producing diuresis in a mammal in need thereofwhich comprises the administration of a compound of the general formula:##STR3## wherein R₁ is a lower alkyl radical containing 1 to 4 carbonatoms in an effective amount to cause diuresis.
 2. A method according toclaim 1 wherein the compound is(Z)-3-Methyl-4-oxo-5N-piperidino-thiazolidin-2-ylidene-acetic acid.
 3. Amethod according to claim 1 wherein the compound is Potassium(Z)-3-methyl-4-oxo-5N-piperidino-thiazolidin-2-ylidene-acetate.
 4. Amethod according to claim 1 wherein the compound is(Z)-3-Ethyl-4-oxo-5N-piperidino-thiazolidin-2-ylidene-acetic acid.
 5. Amethod according to claim 1 wherein the compound is3-Propyl-4-oxo-5N-piperidino-thiazolidin-2-ylidene-acetic acid.
 6. Amethod according to claim 1 wherein the compound is3-n-Butyl-4-oxo-5N-piperidino-thiazolidin-2-ylidene-acetic acid.
 7. Amethod according to claim 1 wherein the compound is3-Isobutyl-4-oxo-5N-piperidino-thiazolidin-2-ylidene-acetic acid.
 8. Amethod according to claim 1 wherein the compound is3-isopropyl-4-oxo-5N-piperidino-thiazolidin-2-ylidene-acetic acid.
 9. Amethod according to claim 1 wherein the compound is3-t-butyl-4-oxo-5N-piperidino-thiazolidin-2-ylidene-acetic acid.